Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Echinococcosis is caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. Cystic echinococcosis (CE) — E. granulosus sensu lato (sheep/dog tapeworm) → hydatid cysts in liver (most common) and lungs. Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) — E. multilocularis (fox/dog tapeworm) → infiltrative liver lesions mimicking cancer. Transmission: ingestion of eggs from dog/fox feces. Clinical: hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, obstructive jaundice (CE); AE can cause liver failure. Diagnosis: ultrasound (CE: cyst classification), serology (ELISA), CT/MRI. Treatment: CE → surgery, PAIR (percutaneous aspiration, instillation, reaspiration), or albendazole. AE → radical surgery + prolonged albendazole.
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