💪 649.4 · Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD)

Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition — Heterogeneous group of >30 genes. LGMD2 (AR) more common than LGMD1 (AD). Key forms: sarcoglycanopathies (LGMD2C-2F, Duchenne-like), calpainopathy (CAPN3, LGMD2A), dysferlinopathy (DYSF, LGMD2B/Miyoshi), FKRP (LGMD2I, cardiomyopathy), anoctaminopathy (ANO5, LGMD2L). Proximal limb-girdle weakness, variable CK, muscle biopsy for protein defects.

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📋 30 Clinical Scenarios — Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies

📇 High‑Yield Review Cards — LGMD

🩺 Clinical Recognition: Limb-Girdle MD

Select a presentation for diagnostic clues and management.

📋 Stepwise Approach to LGMD

    ⚡ Reflex Prompts — Clinical Decisions in LGMD

    🧬 Genetics & Key Tables — Limb-Girdle MD Subtypes

    LGMD TypeGeneProteinInheritanceKey FeaturesCKCardiac
    LGMD2A (R1)CAPN3Calpain-3AROnset 8-15y, scapular winging, variable progressionVery highSparred
    LGMD2B (R2)DYSFDysferlinARAdolescent/young adult; LGMD or Miyoshi myopathy (calf weakness)Very highSparred
    LGMD2C (R5)SGCGγ-SarcoglycanARDuchenne-like, onset 4-7y, loss of ambulation teenageVery high+
    LGMD2D (R3)SGCAα-Sarcoglycan (adhalin)AROnset 2-15y, quadriceps weakness, Duchenne-likeVery highRare
    LGMD2E (R4)SGCBβ-SarcoglycanAROnset first decade, loss of ambulation 10-25yVery highOccasional
    LGMD2F (R6)SGCDδ-SarcoglycanAROnset 2-10y, dilated cardiomyopathy, loss of ambulation 1st-2nd decadeVery highDilated CM
    LGMD2I (R9)FKRPFukutin-related proteinARVariable (CMD to LGMD), cardiomyopathy common, muscle crampsHighCommon
    LGMD2L (R12)ANO5Anoctamin-5ARNorthern European, onset 2nd-3rd decade, LGMD or Miyoshi phenotype, PVCs reportedHighRare (PVCs)
    LGMD1BLMNALamin A/CADContractures, axial weakness, cardiac arrhythmias (life-threatening)Normal-mildHigh risk
    🔬 Diagnostic Approach to LGMD

    Step 1: Clinical: proximal limb-girdle weakness (hip and shoulder girdles), usually symmetric. CK often elevated (varies by subtype).

    Step 2: Muscle biopsy: dystrophic changes. Immunohistochemistry for sarcoglycans, dysferlin, calpain-3, dystrophin, merosin, α-dystroglycan.

    Step 3: Genetic testing: targeted panels for known LGMD genes (CAPN3, DYSF, SGCA-SGCG, FKRP, ANO5, LMNA, etc.) or whole exome sequencing.

    Step 4: Cardiac evaluation: ECG/echo in all LGMD patients (especially FKRP, sarcoglycanopathies, LMNA).

    Data from Nelson 649.4; Manzur AY. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies.

    📖 Summary: Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies — Nelson 649.4