Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Acute demyelinating inflammation of the optic nerve. Clinical: unilateral or bilateral vision loss, pain with eye movement, color desaturation (red desaturation). Associated with multiple sclerosis, MOGAD, NMOSD (AQP4). Diagnosis: MRI orbits (optic nerve enhancement), visual evoked potentials (prolonged latency), CSF, MOG/AQP4 antibodies. Treatment: IV methylprednisolone. Risk of future demyelinating events (MS) depends on MRI findings.
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