Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | Tethered cord syndrome: abnormal fixation of the spinal cord causing progressive neurologic deterioration. Etiologies: thickened filum terminale (>2mm), lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, dermal sinus, scarring after myelomeningocele repair. Clinical: progressive scoliosis, gait deterioration, urinary incontinence, foot deformities (cavovarus), back/leg pain. Diagnosis: MRI spine (low-lying conus below L2-L3, fatty filum). Treatment: surgical detethering.
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