🩸 Chapter 691: Vascular Anomalies

Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 22nd Edition | ISSVA classification: Vascular tumors (infantile hemangioma, congenital hemangioma, tufted angioma, kaposiform hemangioendothelioma) and vascular malformations (capillary, venous, lymphatic, arteriovenous). Key syndromes: PHACES, LUMBAR/SACRAL, Sturge-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay, Parkes-Weber. Treatment: propranolol (IH), sirolimus (KHE), laser (CM), sclerotherapy.

🌐 paeds.online — Pediatric Learning Platform

📋 30 Clinical Scenarios — Vascular Anomalies

📇 High‑Yield Review Cards | Vascular Anomalies

🩺 Vascular Lesion Morphology → Diagnosis

Select a vascular lesion presentation to learn diagnosis, associations, and management.

📋 Stepwise Approach to Vascular Anomalies

🔑 Key Principles — Nelson Chapter 691
• Infantile hemangioma (IH): Proliferates first year, involutes. GLUT-1+. Treatment: propranolol (2-3 mg/kg/day) for high-risk (periocular, airway, large facial, ulcerated). Topical timolol for superficial.
• PHACES syndrome: Large facial hemangioma (>5cm) + posterior fossa, arterial anomalies, coarctation, eye, sternal defects.
• Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE): Red-purple firm plaque, risk of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (thrombocytopenia, consumptive coagulopathy). Treatment: sirolimus, steroids, vincristine.
• Port-wine stain (capillary malformation): Persistent, darkens with age. Sturge-Weber if V1 distribution → glaucoma, leptomeningeal angioma.
• Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: Capillary malformation + venous malformation + soft tissue/bone overgrowth.
• Venous malformation: Compressible, blue, may have phleboliths. Sclerotherapy for pain/size.

    ⚡ Reflex Prompts — Vascular Anomalies

    📖 Summary: Vascular Anomalies (Nelson 691)